The Ledger Letter
Finance Studio Advisors · Sunday, July 5, 2026
Market Intelligence Partner
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The Balance Sheet Just Said What the Rate Market Wouldn’t

The Federal Reserve says policy is restrictive. The balance sheet says otherwise. Since quantitative tightening ended in December, the Fed’s total assets have grown by roughly $189 billion to $6.74 trillion, per the H.4.1 release dated June 24. Treasury holdings alone rose $275 billion over the past year. Chair Warsh told the ECB Forum in Sintra last Tuesday that the balance sheet “borders on fiscal policy” and needs to shrink. Rate traders price a 50 percent chance of a September hike. The balance sheet priced something closer to easing. One of them is wrong.
The Breakdown
Today’s disagreement: the rate path says tightening. The balance sheet says loosening. Both cannot describe the same policy stance at the same time.
01
The Expansion
The Fed ended quantitative tightening in December 2025 after reversing only half the pandemic-era balance sheet growth. Since then, it has been purchasing short-term Treasuries to “match trend growth in demand for bank reserves.” Net effect: $189 billion in expansion during a period the Fed describes as restrictive.
02
The Signal
The 10-year Treasury closed at 4.49 percent on July 2. The 2-year closed at 4.14 percent. That 35-basis-point positive slope says the term premium is back. But a growing balance sheet compresses term premium. The yield curve and the balance sheet are sending opposite signals about how much duration risk the market should carry.
03
The Divergence
Gold rebounded to $4,175, its best weekly gain in two months. The dollar posted its largest weekly decline since April. Both assets moved as if easing is coming. Fed funds futures still price a coin-flip on a September hike. Three markets, three different verdicts on the same policy stance.
By the Numbers
Fed Total Assets (Jun 24)$6.74 trillion
Growth Since QT Ended (Dec)+$189 billion
10Y Treasury Yield (Jul 2)4.49%
2Y Treasury Yield (Jul 2)4.14%
September Hike Probability~50%
Reserve Balances (Jun 24)$2.95 trillion
Gold (Jul 3)$4,175/oz
Sources: Federal Reserve H.4.1, FRED, CME FedWatch, Seeking Alpha. Figures as of latest available.

The Fed’s Stated Policy and Its Revealed Policy Are Not the Same

The $189 Billion Nobody Is Discussing

Quantitative tightening ended in December 2025 after reversing only half the pandemic-era balance sheet growth. The Fed said it would buy short-term Treasuries to keep reserves adequate. Simple plumbing. But plumbing has a price. Since that pivot, total assets grew from roughly $6.55 trillion to $6.74 trillion. Treasury holdings alone rose $275 billion over twelve months even as MBS declined $176 billion through passive runoff.

The net: the Fed is adding Treasuries faster than it is losing MBS. The balance sheet is growing during what the Fed calls a restrictive regime.

What the Term Premium Says

During QE, the balance sheet compressed long-end yields. During QT, the reverse. Now the Fed is growing the balance sheet while the 10-year sits at 4.49 percent and the term premium has returned to 2023 levels.

Our view: the curve is pricing two things simultaneously. The front end prices a hawkish Fed. The long end prices a balance sheet that is quietly loosening conditions. If you hold duration, you are betting on which policy wins.

The Warsh Paradox

Warsh has been the loudest balance-sheet hawk in a generation. At Sintra last Tuesday he said the quiet part: “It took us about 18 years to find our way into this big balance sheet. It’ll take us more than 18 weeks to bring it down to size.”

In this tape, the most hawkish chair in memory presides over a balance sheet that is getting larger. He says rate-setting is the primary tool. Balance sheet reform requires study groups, consensus, public discussion. That is years, not quarters. The 2019 repo crisis taught the FOMC what happens when reserves drain too fast.

Where the Capital Reads It

Gold posted its best week in two months after Thursday’s 57,000-job print. Central banks added 41 metric tons to reserves in May. The dollar had its worst week since April. All three moved as though easing is coming. But fed funds are still 3.50 to 3.75 percent and Warsh has not signaled a cut.

Worth watching: FOMC minutes from the June meeting release Wednesday, July 8. If the minutes show any internal debate about the balance sheet path, the term premium reprices by Thursday.

What Monday Opens To

Markets reopen Monday into a shortened week. Tuesday brings the SpaceX Nasdaq-100 inclusion and $27 billion in forced passive buying. Wednesday brings the FOMC minutes. Both arrive into a market that just priced out half the September hike probability on one jobs report. The rate market moved. The balance sheet did not.

The Fed’s stated policy is restrictive. Its revealed policy is not. When the two diverge, follow the balance sheet. Eighteen years of precedent says it is the more honest signal.
The Ledger Letter
When markets disagree, the signal is in the disagreement.
This newsletter is for informational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice. Past performance is not indicative of future results.

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